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Global Welded Metal Bellows Market 2018 Top Trends by Players- Witzenmann, BOA Group, Senior, MIRAPRO, Flexider, Technoflex

Welded Metal Bellows Market

“Welded Metal Bellows Market report highlights the current and future status of market and regional level analysis with the help of industry trends and market performance.”

A New Busineess Intelligence Welded Metal Bellows Market report recently Published by MarketNReports focuses only on satisfactory solutions to the users. The Market study includes analysis, forecast and revenue from 2018 to 2025. Global Welded Metal Bellows Market focuses on the performance of the Welded Metal Bellows market in terms of value and volume contribution for the period 2018 to 2025. The research is attached with substantial information in the form of graphs and tables to understand important market trends, drivers and challenges.  Furthermore, This report provides data of the leading market players in the Welded Metal Bellows market. In upcoming years the worldwide Welded Metal Bellows market is expected to reach an estimated xx.xx Million USD by 2025, rising at x.x% CAGR (compound annual growth rate).

Download FREE Sample Report here:- www.marketnreports.com/request-for-sample.html?repid=21486

Welded Metal Bellows industry conveys a complete analysis of value, income, net edge, item scope, development rate. It additionally covers worldwide market scenario and its development prospects over upcoming years. The key rising industrial advancements Market is required to prosper the development of the market over the guesstimated time frame.

Description:- 

  • The prime objective of this report is to help the user to understand Welded Metal Bellows market in terms of its definition, segmentation, market potential, influential trends and the challenges that the market is facing.
  • Primary research represents the bulk of our research efforts, supplemented by an extensive secondary research. We reviewed key players product, annual reports, press releases and relevant documents for competitive analysis and market understanding.
  • Secondary research includes a search of recent trade, technical writing, internet sources and statistical data from government websites, trade associations and agencies. This has proven to be the most reliable, effective and successful approach for obtaining precise market data, capturing industry participants insights and recognizing business opportunities.
  • The Shares and Demand for Welded Metal Bellows industry is unexpected to be high for the next six years. By Considering this growth, we provide Welded Metal Bellows Market Research Report. Welded Metal Bellows Market Research Report includes detailed profiles of key players with regional analysis and focus on key rising opportunities and challenges faced by Welded Metal Bellows industry.

Top Players/ Companies in World:- 

  • Witzenmann, BOA Group, Senior, MIRAPRO, Flexider, Technoflex, KSM Corporation, Weldmac, Aerosun Corporation, Jiangsu Shuguang, Technetics, Ekkeagle

Major Outlook in key Market Segments:- 

  • Through 2025, Sectors in Welded Metal Bellows industry will remain largest end use Market.
  • Shares and Demand for Welded Metal Bellows industry is unexpected to be high for the next six years.
  • To know about CAGR value which helps to analyse market over the world.

Timeline for Analysis:- 

  • History Year: 2013-2017
  • Base Year: 2017
  • Estimated Year: 2018
  • Forecast Year: 2018 to 2025

Market Products and Applications:-

  • Product:- Resting Ripple Bellows, Single Sweep Bellows
  • Applications:- Instrumentation industry, Aerospace, Electronics industry, Medical, Others

Geographic Market Analyzed in:- 

  • Welded Metal Bellows industries in Europe (Switzerland, Netherlands, Germany, Sweden, San Marino, Ireland, Norway,  Luxembourg etc)
  • Welded Metal Bellows Markets in North America (United States, Canada, Puerto Rico, Panama, Mexico, Barbados, Trinidad and Tobago etc)
  • In Asia-Pacific(China, India, Hong Kong, Korea, Israel, Australia, United Arab Emirates, Qatar, Singapore, Japan, Kuwait, Brunei, etc)
  • Middle East and Africa (Nigeria, South Africa, Egypt, Algeria, Angola, Saudi Arabia, Bahrain, Oman, Turkey, Lebanon etc)
  • Welded Metal Bellows Market in Central America (Panama, Guatemala, Belize, Costa Rica, El Salvador, Honduras, Nicaragua) and Rest of the World.

To Get Depth Knowlegde about Welded Metal Bellows Market Report, Enquiry here:- www.marketnreports.com/inquiry-for-buying.html?repid=21486

Global Welded Metal Bellows Market Research Report 2018 Provides intelligence by Players, Type, Raw Material, Production, Distribution Channel, consumption, revenue (million USD) and Region –Forecast till 2025.

Key questions answered in this report – Welded Metal Bellows Market, Status and Forecast by Players, Types, and Applications.

  • What all companies are currently profiled in the report?
  • What all regional segmentation covered? Can specific countries of your interest be added?
  • What are the market opportunities and threats faced by the manufacturers in the global market?
  • What are the Trending factors influencing the market shares of the Americas, APAC and EMEA?
  • What will the be the market size of Welded Metal Bellows Market in 2025?
  • Who are the leading vendors in Welded Metal Bellows Worldwide Market?
  • What will be the growth rate?
  • What are the Major Market Trends?
  • Which Market Regions are impacting on the growth of Welded Metal Bellows Market?
  • What are the driving factors of Welded Metal Bellows Market?

The key rising opportunities of the fastest growing international Welded Metal Bellows market segments are coated throughout this Market Research Report.

Our Research Team Targeted on 12 Chapters in Welded Metal Bellows Market as follows:- 

  • Industrial Overview
  • Welded Metal Bellows Manufacturing Cost Structure Analysis
  • Technical Data and Manufacturing Plants Analysis
  • Global Welded Metal Bellows Overall Market Overview
  • Welded Metal Bellows Regional Market Analysis
  • Welded Metal Bellows Segment Market Analysis (by Type)
  • Welded Metal Bellows Segment Market Analysis (by Application)
  • Major Manufacturers Analysis
  • Development Trend
  • Welded Metal Bellows Marketing Type Analysis
  • Consumers Analysis
  • Methodology, Analyst Introduction and Data Source

Read More Report:- www.nwctrail.com/2019/01/11/global-surge-arrester-market-2018-abb-switzerland-siemens-germany-eaton-ireland/

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一般传统焊接如氩焊、电焊、气焊系将焊料与母材接触,并在接触点施以高温将焊料与母材熔融接,冷却后形成一焊道,在高温的环境下冷却焊道中有衍生之裂痕、气孔及质脆之金属化合物(intermetallics),影响焊接品质,且该焊接方式只能从事线焊接或点焊接,无法从事多层母材之面接触焊接。基于此,乃有固相焊接的发展,主要方法包括硬焊(Brazing)及扩散焊接(Diffusion welding or Diffusion bonding),其中硬焊系在多层母材之间各填加一层片状焊料,在真空或气氛炉中加热,使填料熔融并扩散至母材中,达到焊接的目的,其结合强度较弱,拉力试验之断裂面通常为母材间之接合接口;扩散焊接通常不需片状焊料,在适当温度及真空或气氛下加以适当压力使母材之间能互相扩散、溶解形成坚强的结合接口,拉力试验之断裂面则位于母材中。

   图17为美国焊接协会之扩散焊接设备(AWS),包括真空腔体、腔体中心发热系统(hearth)、绝热系统、温控系统、真空系统、精密油压加压系统、气氛系统、冷却系统、控制系统及工件定位装卸机构等,在欧美日等先进国家均有扩散焊接设备设计制作之商业公司,销售设备及各种材料扩散焊接技术know how。

图17. 美国焊接协会之扩散焊接设备(AWS)

  1. 扩散焊接制程基础:

扩散焊接为固态焊接,可用于同质金属、异质金属及金属与陶瓷的面与面的接合,焊接强度往往高于母材;扩散焊接的过程如下:扩散焊接前母材需经过600 grits碳化矽砂纸打光,即使如此,母材表面仍立即产生氧化模亦有相当的粗糙度(asperities),因此焊接初期,母材仅以点接触,因此,母材与母材接触面有许多空隙(voids),如图18a所示;扩散焊接往往在高温、高真空及加压的条件下进行,温度的提升可将表面吸附物质脱除,部分的氧化膜亦会升华,真空帮浦可将之抽掉,此外,高温亦可使母材变软,增加其塑性变形(plastic deformation)及潜变(yield),使接口空隙变小,如图18b所示;此时,施予适当的压力,粗糙面将被压平,接触面积更大,氧化膜及吸附物质在高温下大部分被抽除,如图18c所示;在接触面,两边的母材原子开始互相朝对方扩散,并开始再结晶,填补空隙如图18d所示;接着,在接口的物质形成晶粒(grain)相互分享,完成扩散焊接,如图18e所示。

kssbd003f1a

a母材表面粗糙并含有氧化膜及吸附物质,母材以点接触,接口空隙大

 

kssbd003f1b

b塑性变形(plastic deformation)及潜变(yield),使接口空隙变小

 

kssbd003f1c

c施予适当的压力,粗糙面将被压平,接触面积进一步增大

 

kssbd003f1d

d在接触面,原子开始互相朝对方扩散,填补空隙

 

kssbd003f1e

e接口的物质形成晶粒(grain),相互分享,完成扩散焊接

图18.扩散焊接接合程序

 

扩散焊接技术原理Download Now !
  1. 酸洗处理(Acid pickling):俗称AP管

利用硝酸与氢氟酸等酸性溶液来除去钢管的表面厚实的氧化层。虽便宜快速,但易造成晶界腐蚀,且钢管内外表面较粗糙,易有悬浮杂质附着。

  1. 机械抛光(Mechanical Polishing):假的BA管

常用于除去钢管表面的氧化层、孔洞与刮痕。其亮度与效果,则取决于加工方式的种类。另外机械抛光后,虽较美观但也会降低抗蚀性,所以当用在腐蚀环境下,需再经过钝化处理。而且,钢管表面也常会有抛光材料残留。

  1. 化学抛光(Chemical Polishing):假的BA管

化学抛光是另种更简单便宜的表面高光法,其借由调配适当的酸性混合液(磷酸、硝酸、硫酸、盐酸以及其他有机酸),以有效地使钢管表面均匀地产生滑顺与亮化的外观。虽然此法所用的酸液不会如酸洗或化学清洗等方法般强烈,但也会有部份的沿晶腐蚀(Intergranular corrosion)或晶界腐蚀(Grain boundary corrosion)的现象,而且会破坏钢管表面的氧化层,所以美国SEMI规范并不建议在半导体业使用此种管材。

  1. 光辉退火(Bright Annealing):BA管(真正的)

钢管在抽制的过程中,一定会需油脂润滑,而且晶粒也会因加工而变形。为了避免这些油脂残留在钢管中,除了要谨慎地清洗钢管外,尚可利用在高温退火以消除变形时,以100%氢气充当炉内气氛,借由氢与钢管表层的碳、氧的结合燃烧,进一步的清洁钢管的表面,产生亮面的效果,故这种利用纯氢氧退火炉加热并快速冷却,以亮化钢管表面的方式称为光辉退火。虽然利用此种方式来亮化表面,可保钢管充分干净,无任何外来污染。但这种表面的明亮度,若与其他抛光方式相较(机械、化学、电解),会有较雾面的感觉。当然,其效过也与氢气的含量与加热的次数有关,更对材料晶粒大小有绝对的影响。

  1. 电解抛光(Electro Polishing):EP管

电解抛光是利用阳极处理(溶解腐蚀)的方式,借由电化学的原理,适当地调整电压、电流、酸液组成、温度以及抛光时间,不但可使表面达到明亮、滑顺、洁净的效果,更可提升表面的抗蚀性,故是最佳的亮化表面方法,当然其成本与技术也最高。不过,因为电解抛光会凸显钢管表面的原始状态,金属组织越细,EP效果越好。所以若钢管表面有严重刮伤、孔洞或是夹渣、析出物等,皆可能造成电解失败。其与化学抛光不同之处是,虽然也是在酸性环境中进行,但钢管表面不但不会有任何晶界腐蚀的现象,尚可经由控制表面的氧化铬膜层厚度,使钢管达到最佳的抗蚀性。而与机械抛光最大的差异处,是不会有表面加工变质层及造成表面残留应力。


半导体气体供应零组件要求高洁净性、表面平滑性、抗蚀性、低洩漏率等,目前适用于半导体元
件的表面处理方法有:机械抛光法+化学钝化法、化学抛光法(chemical polishing, CP)、光辉热
处理(bright annealing, BA)与电解抛光法(electro-polishing, EP)等。由于电解抛光法具有以下
几种特性,衍然已成为半导体制程中重要阀件与零组件处理流道表面的主要方法。

 

钝化层:不锈钢材料在进行EP处理后的表面,会在表面生成钝化层,钝化层生成原因是因为
EP在处理时,铁镍移去的速率比铬快,造成表面富铬化效应,同时在表面生成氧化铬层,可有
效提升表面抗腐蚀能力,此为其他种抛光无法达到的特色。

光泽化:抛光能力优越,较机械抛光更佳,可以达到镜面级的光泽,商品化的管件可以用EP
达到Ra=0.01µm的层次。

● 高洁净度:EP制程将工程表面移去一层,因此表面之脏污层、氧化层、杂质层、碳化层、应
力层等,都会被EP所移去,同时表面平坦化,无藏污纳垢的凹陷,因此可使工件表面达到高洁
净层度。

特殊形状加工:EP过程中,接触工件的仅有电解液,工件在处理过程中,不受任何应力,可
处理薄型工件,且可除去因机械加工产生的表面应力层。同时,EP可处理特殊形状工件,对于特
殊形状表面可均匀抛光,对于小型工件的外部EP处理,可大批量一次进行,可减少加工时间。

 

由于EP处理具有以上几项优点,因此在半导体设备的气体供应元件中被大量使用,也因为仅有EP
可以达到表面超高洁净度之要求,且对于气体流道的钝化效果可提供优越的抗腐蚀能力,能确保
管件不受多种特别强腐蚀性气体腐蚀,在对于线幅越来越小的半导体制程中,洁净度的要越来
越高之条件下,未来对EP处理之产品的要求势必越来越重要。


电解抛光技术在欧美早已成熟30年以上,直到近年来半导体工业的发展,才使得这项技术在国内
有发展之契机。EP技术可分为外表面与内孔表面两种,数年前国内业者始引进外表面EP技术,然
而内孔表面EP技术因涉及电极夹治具的设计障碍,致使国内业者仍缺乏这方面之技能。本部门从
事半导体设与阀件之研发,深深了解EP关键技术在各项零组件流到表面处理的重要性,因此致力
于研究与开发内孔表面EP技术,以提升本部门在关键零组件之研发与制造之能力。

 

 电解抛光原理


电解抛光原理乃将工件接于阳极,以某种金属接于阴极,置于电解液中通以直流电,以电解作用将
工件表面金属移除,亦即反电镀作用,如图2-3所示(详情请参考附件)。在适当的电解液和操作条
件下,使工件表面发生材料之消蚀,具有清除毛棱之作用,使工件表面光泽化与平坦化。以不锈钢
而言,所含之元素如铁、铬、镍都同时参与此反电镀反应,在工件表面发生材料之消蚀,并发生表
面平顺化作用,造成抛光效果。在此同时也会生成一些副产物,这些副产物必须小心地予以控制以
得到最高的抛光品质;例如不锈钢所含之不同金属成分有所差异,元素的溶解移除速率也就不尽相
同,铁原子会先被移除掉,因此留下的表面镍与铬含量会变高,使得表面出现“富铬化”的效果,
产生EP工件重要的钝化层,此乃有助于提升工件表面的抗蚀能力。

 

电解抛光之所以有抛光效果,主要有以下几种效应:

(一) 电场集中效应:亦称之为避雷针效应,此为最主要之抛光效应。将工件表面放大而视之,可
        发现表面凹凸不平,尖突处如同避雷针,可吸附较大电场,造成局部的电流密度增加,因此
        尖端 处的金属迅速的被侵蚀;而凹陷处之电流密度较低,金属被侵蚀较少,因此有抛光平坦
        化之效果。

(二) 阳极膜饱和效应(黏度效应):电解抛光过程中,将产生厚约0.1mm的阳极膜(anode film),
        阳极膜呈黏膜状,具高电阻,金属带正电离子不易扩散出与阴极离子结合,因此电流不易通过
        。由于表面凹陷处电解液流动较慢,易形成饱和阳极膜,电流密度因而降低;而尖突处电解液
        流动较快,不易生成饱和阳极膜,电流密度较高,因而具有抛效果。

(三) 气体扰动效应:电解抛光过程中,阳极会产生氧气气泡,而尖突处电流大,所以产生气泡较多
        , 因此也较易打破阳极膜,形成抛光之效果。


电解抛光发展现况与趋势


电解抛光技术在欧美早已成熟30年以上,目前主要专注于特殊金属如铌钽等金属的抛光技术,以及
特殊电解液的添加济配方等方向发展。另方面,对于自动化设备及节省成本的新制程,如各种大小
管件、弯曲管件、细长无缝钢管、大小筒槽、大量散装件之制程及专用机自动化设备等,都是发展
之重点。以日本而言,早已完成30m无缝EP钢管制程,并已于市场销售,目前正研发300m无缝
钢管EP钢管制程。就整体EP技术而言,美国优于欧日;以无缝EP钢管技术来说,日本技术最为领
先。早些年在台湾的民间业者已自行引入外表面EP技术,主要应用于栏杆、不锈钢门窗光泽美化等
。几年前,中科院为研制飞机零组件,也引进外表面EP技术;工研院化工所、清大机械所及云林技
术学院机械系也曾就外表面EP技术进行研究。


至少内孔EP技术,主要关键在于夹治具的设计,其次才是电解液之配方。夹治具视待EP工件形状与
数量而定,一般而言,夹治具必须包括电极连接端子与连接线与电源供应器相连接,外部EP夹治具
一般为挂架,悬挂工件置于电解槽内或是吊篮滚筒类以安置小型工件,内孔EP夹治具则为提供电解
液流动通道并电解液流出入内孔。夹治具材料因需抗电解液腐蚀,需通电的通常用钨或钛,不通电
则选用PTFE或PP类材质。


以EP制程本身而言,夹治具设计受到工件不同而具有相当大的歧异性,由于国外厂商将夹治具的设计
列为机密,以致国内对此技术完全阙如。再则,夹治具设计需要多方面的分析模拟以及实验的验证,
再加以经验之累积使成,因此在国内少有业者愿意投资研发,致使此项技术延宕至今,另一项需要经
验累积的则是EP参数的调整,此方面技术也需进行长时间的试验及累积足够的数据库后,始可达到良
好的控制。同时,对于EP处理后的品质检验程序技术,国内的能力与经验也略嫌不足,这方面仍有待
投入更多的时间与人力持续从事研发工作。有鑑于此,本部门于开发质流控制器的同时,也深切体会
到EP技术的重要性,因此积极开发此项关键技术,以期提升产品品质,并落实本土化技术。

Sources from: Dr. Jason Ho. Camelot Inc. USA

 

 

 

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Apr 09, 2009

Steel users such as Swagelok haven't given up on value-added projects that reduce the
cost and improve the quality of the metal products they buy and use in making valves
and fluid and gas system components. Case in point: The self-developed Swagelok
SAT12 process, a surface hardening procedure that boosts basic stainless steel's surface
hardness and wear and corrosion resistance to mimic the mechanical properties of
titanium, Hastelloyand other specialty alloys.


Solon, Ohio-based Swagelok produces and sells more than $1.3 billion annually in high
quality products used in the instrumentation,petrochemica oil and gas,power,petrochemical
alternative fuels and semiconductor industries.

Within Swagelok, there is a multi-functional Metallurgical Research and Development
team which performs applied research for various product-manufacturing groups. In
recent years, the team was responsible for the development of the SAT12 surface
treatment method that reduces throughput time and improves the mechanical
propertiesof precisionparts made into complex shapes and structures from austenitic
stainless steel.

Previously, the company had bought expensive alloys to attain such key performance
characteristics as wear resistance, surface hardness, fatigue resistance and corrosion
resistance. Now, using the SAT12 process, also known as low-temperature colossal
super saturation (LTCSS) service, the company can use basic austenitic stainless steel
as the substrate for eventual use as the source material for high quality components.
In theprocess, carbon is diffused interstitially into the lattice structure of the stainless
steel. The result is stainless steel exhibiting tool steel-like hardness, nickel alloy-like
corrosion resistance high-levels of wear resistance, austenitic ductility, no distortion or
dimensiona change, no carbideformation and resistance to galling.

Most market applications use 300 Series grades of austenitic stainless steel but
further field research has found that the SAT12 treatment of 316 Series of stainless
steel can replace more expensive, exotic materials.Senior research fellow Sunniva
Collins has been charged with added research and evaluation that will lead to
commercialization of the new technology. Swagelok has worked with Case Western
Reserve University in Cleveland to help analyze the process, which also is a low
temperature case carburization process for tube fittings. This project is being
co-funded with a $5.5 million grantfrom Ohio's Third Frontier Project, a state
funded program to turn hightech research into home-market
manufacturing.

Swagelok developed the process itself to heat-treat austenitic stainless steel rather
than have it done by a stainless steel producer because surface science and metallurgy
are core competencies of Swagelok. A corporate statement says that "the patented
SAT12 treatment process still remains unique in how it achieves significantly increased
 tool steellevel surface hardness and retained corrosion resistance in the austenitic
target materials." Additionally, the SAT12 process was developed to treat the back
ferrule, a narrow circular ring of metal used for fastening, joining or reinforcement
inthe Swagelok tube fitting, a core product for company.

A corporate spokesman says that "the SAT12 process has its sweet spot where its
application makes the greatest economic and technological sense." That's because
complete processing can include cleaning and handling operations in addition to the
low temperature carburizing treatment. So, end-product pricing is dependent on
things like the condition of parts received, batch size, part configuration and mass.
"Customers have found it cost effective because upon treatment, some corrosion
esistance properties of relatively low priced stainless steels have demonstrated the
performance of more expensive,exotic alloys," he explains.

The majority of applications desire improved surface wear or scratch resistance while
maintaining or improving corrosion resistance. So, currently, the SAT12 process is being
used on Swagelok products used by the military and commercial marine, medical device,
biopharmaceutical production and food production equipment.


Sources from: http://www.purchasing.com/article/CA6649917.html?industryid=48389
 

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