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Global Welded Metal Bellows Market 2018 Top Trends by Players- Witzenmann, BOA Group, Senior, MIRAPRO, Flexider, Technoflex

Welded Metal Bellows Market

“Welded Metal Bellows Market report highlights the current and future status of market and regional level analysis with the help of industry trends and market performance.”

A New Busineess Intelligence Welded Metal Bellows Market report recently Published by MarketNReports focuses only on satisfactory solutions to the users. The Market study includes analysis, forecast and revenue from 2018 to 2025. Global Welded Metal Bellows Market focuses on the performance of the Welded Metal Bellows market in terms of value and volume contribution for the period 2018 to 2025. The research is attached with substantial information in the form of graphs and tables to understand important market trends, drivers and challenges.  Furthermore, This report provides data of the leading market players in the Welded Metal Bellows market. In upcoming years the worldwide Welded Metal Bellows market is expected to reach an estimated xx.xx Million USD by 2025, rising at x.x% CAGR (compound annual growth rate).

Download FREE Sample Report here:- www.marketnreports.com/request-for-sample.html?repid=21486

Welded Metal Bellows industry conveys a complete analysis of value, income, net edge, item scope, development rate. It additionally covers worldwide market scenario and its development prospects over upcoming years. The key rising industrial advancements Market is required to prosper the development of the market over the guesstimated time frame.

Description:- 

  • The prime objective of this report is to help the user to understand Welded Metal Bellows market in terms of its definition, segmentation, market potential, influential trends and the challenges that the market is facing.
  • Primary research represents the bulk of our research efforts, supplemented by an extensive secondary research. We reviewed key players product, annual reports, press releases and relevant documents for competitive analysis and market understanding.
  • Secondary research includes a search of recent trade, technical writing, internet sources and statistical data from government websites, trade associations and agencies. This has proven to be the most reliable, effective and successful approach for obtaining precise market data, capturing industry participants insights and recognizing business opportunities.
  • The Shares and Demand for Welded Metal Bellows industry is unexpected to be high for the next six years. By Considering this growth, we provide Welded Metal Bellows Market Research Report. Welded Metal Bellows Market Research Report includes detailed profiles of key players with regional analysis and focus on key rising opportunities and challenges faced by Welded Metal Bellows industry.

Top Players/ Companies in World:- 

  • Witzenmann, BOA Group, Senior, MIRAPRO, Flexider, Technoflex, KSM Corporation, Weldmac, Aerosun Corporation, Jiangsu Shuguang, Technetics, Ekkeagle

Major Outlook in key Market Segments:- 

  • Through 2025, Sectors in Welded Metal Bellows industry will remain largest end use Market.
  • Shares and Demand for Welded Metal Bellows industry is unexpected to be high for the next six years.
  • To know about CAGR value which helps to analyse market over the world.

Timeline for Analysis:- 

  • History Year: 2013-2017
  • Base Year: 2017
  • Estimated Year: 2018
  • Forecast Year: 2018 to 2025

Market Products and Applications:-

  • Product:- Resting Ripple Bellows, Single Sweep Bellows
  • Applications:- Instrumentation industry, Aerospace, Electronics industry, Medical, Others

Geographic Market Analyzed in:- 

  • Welded Metal Bellows industries in Europe (Switzerland, Netherlands, Germany, Sweden, San Marino, Ireland, Norway,  Luxembourg etc)
  • Welded Metal Bellows Markets in North America (United States, Canada, Puerto Rico, Panama, Mexico, Barbados, Trinidad and Tobago etc)
  • In Asia-Pacific(China, India, Hong Kong, Korea, Israel, Australia, United Arab Emirates, Qatar, Singapore, Japan, Kuwait, Brunei, etc)
  • Middle East and Africa (Nigeria, South Africa, Egypt, Algeria, Angola, Saudi Arabia, Bahrain, Oman, Turkey, Lebanon etc)
  • Welded Metal Bellows Market in Central America (Panama, Guatemala, Belize, Costa Rica, El Salvador, Honduras, Nicaragua) and Rest of the World.

To Get Depth Knowlegde about Welded Metal Bellows Market Report, Enquiry here:- www.marketnreports.com/inquiry-for-buying.html?repid=21486

Global Welded Metal Bellows Market Research Report 2018 Provides intelligence by Players, Type, Raw Material, Production, Distribution Channel, consumption, revenue (million USD) and Region –Forecast till 2025.

Key questions answered in this report – Welded Metal Bellows Market, Status and Forecast by Players, Types, and Applications.

  • What all companies are currently profiled in the report?
  • What all regional segmentation covered? Can specific countries of your interest be added?
  • What are the market opportunities and threats faced by the manufacturers in the global market?
  • What are the Trending factors influencing the market shares of the Americas, APAC and EMEA?
  • What will the be the market size of Welded Metal Bellows Market in 2025?
  • Who are the leading vendors in Welded Metal Bellows Worldwide Market?
  • What will be the growth rate?
  • What are the Major Market Trends?
  • Which Market Regions are impacting on the growth of Welded Metal Bellows Market?
  • What are the driving factors of Welded Metal Bellows Market?

The key rising opportunities of the fastest growing international Welded Metal Bellows market segments are coated throughout this Market Research Report.

Our Research Team Targeted on 12 Chapters in Welded Metal Bellows Market as follows:- 

  • Industrial Overview
  • Welded Metal Bellows Manufacturing Cost Structure Analysis
  • Technical Data and Manufacturing Plants Analysis
  • Global Welded Metal Bellows Overall Market Overview
  • Welded Metal Bellows Regional Market Analysis
  • Welded Metal Bellows Segment Market Analysis (by Type)
  • Welded Metal Bellows Segment Market Analysis (by Application)
  • Major Manufacturers Analysis
  • Development Trend
  • Welded Metal Bellows Marketing Type Analysis
  • Consumers Analysis
  • Methodology, Analyst Introduction and Data Source

Read More Report:- www.nwctrail.com/2019/01/11/global-surge-arrester-market-2018-abb-switzerland-siemens-germany-eaton-ireland/

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一般傳統焊接如氬焊、電焊、氣焊係將焊料與母材接觸,並在接觸點施以高溫將焊料與母材熔融接,冷卻後形成一焊道,在高溫的環境下冷卻焊道中有衍生之裂痕、氣孔及質脆之金屬化合物(intermetallics),影響焊接品質,且該焊接方式只能從事線焊接或點焊接,無法從事多層母材之面接觸焊接。基於此,乃有固相焊接的發展,主要方法包括硬焊(Brazing)及擴散焊接(Diffusion welding or Diffusion bonding),其中硬焊係在多層母材之間各填加一層片狀焊料,在真空或氣氛爐中加熱,使填料熔融並擴散至母材中,達到焊接的目的,其結合強度較弱,拉力試驗之斷裂面通常為母材間之接合介面;擴散焊接通常不需片狀焊料,在適當溫度及真空或氣氛下加以適當壓力使母材之間能互相擴散、溶解形成堅強的結合介面,拉力試驗之斷裂面則位於母材中。

   圖17為美國焊接協會之擴散焊接設備(AWS),包括真空腔體、腔體中心發熱系統(hearth)、絕熱系統、溫控系統、真空系統、精密油壓加壓系統、氣氛系統、冷卻系統、控制系統及工件定位裝卸機構等,在歐美日等先進國家均有擴散焊接設備設計製作之商業公司,銷售設備及各種材料擴散焊接技術know how。

圖17. 美國焊接協會之擴散焊接設備(AWS)

  1. 擴散焊接製程基礎:

擴散焊接為固態焊接,可用於同質金屬、異質金屬及金屬與陶瓷的面與面的接合,焊接強度往往高於母材;擴散焊接的過程如下:擴散焊接前母材需經過600 grits碳化矽砂紙打光,即使如此,母材表面仍立即產生氧化模亦有相當的粗糙度(asperities),因此焊接初期,母材僅以點接觸,因此,母材與母材接觸面有許多空隙(voids),如圖18a所示;擴散焊接往往在高溫、高真空及加壓的條件下進行,溫度的提升可將表面吸附物質脫除,部分的氧化膜亦會昇華,真空幫浦可將之抽掉,此外,高溫亦可使母材變軟,增加其塑性變形(plastic deformation)及潛變(yield),使介面空隙變小,如圖18b所示;此時,施予適當的壓力,粗糙面將被壓平,接觸面積更大,氧化膜及吸附物質在高溫下大部分被抽除,如圖18c所示;在接觸面,兩邊的母材原子開始互相朝對方擴散,並開始再結晶,填補空隙如圖18d所示;接著,在介面的物質形成晶粒(grain)相互分享,完成擴散焊接,如圖18e所示。

kssbd003f1a

a母材表面粗糙並含有氧化膜及吸附物質,母材以點接觸,介面空隙大

 

kssbd003f1b

b塑性變形(plastic deformation)及潛變(yield),使介面空隙變小

 

kssbd003f1c

c施予適當的壓力,粗糙面將被壓平,接觸面積進一步增大

 

kssbd003f1d

d在接觸面,原子開始互相朝對方擴散,填補空隙

 

kssbd003f1e

e介面的物質形成晶粒(grain),相互分享,完成擴散焊接

圖18.擴散焊接接合程序

 

擴散焊接技術原理Download Now !
  1. 酸洗處理(Acid pickling):俗稱AP管

利用硝酸與氫氟酸等酸性溶液來除去鋼管的表面厚實的氧化層。雖便宜快速,但易造成晶界腐蝕,且鋼管內外表面較粗糙,易有懸浮雜質附著。

  1. 機械拋光(Mechanical Polishing):假的BA管

常用於除去鋼管表面的氧化層、孔洞與刮痕。其亮度與效果,則取決於加工方式的種類。另外機械拋光後,雖較美觀但也會降低抗蝕性,所以當用在腐蝕環境下,需再經過鈍化處理。而且,鋼管表面也常會有拋光材料殘留。

  1. 化學拋光(Chemical Polishing):假的BA管

化學拋光是另種更簡單便宜的表面高光法,其藉由調配適當的酸性混合液(磷酸、硝酸、硫酸、鹽酸以及其他有機酸),以有效地使鋼管表面均勻地產生滑順與亮化的外觀。雖然此法所用的酸液不會如酸洗或化學清洗等方法般強烈,但也會有部份的沿晶腐蝕(Intergranular corrosion)或晶界腐蝕(Grain boundary corrosion)的現象,而且會破壞鋼管表面的氧化層,所以美國SEMI規範並不建議在半導體業使用此種管材。

  1. 光輝退火(Bright Annealing):BA管(真正的)

鋼管在抽製的過程中,一定會需油脂潤滑,而且晶粒也會因加工而變形。為了避免這些油脂殘留在鋼管中,除了要謹慎地清洗鋼管外,尚可利用在高溫退火以消除變形時,以100%氫氣充當爐內氣氛,藉由氫與鋼管表層的碳、氧的結合燃燒,進一步的清潔鋼管的表面,產生亮面的效果,故這種利用純氫氧退火爐加熱並快速冷卻,以亮化鋼管表面的方式稱為光輝退火。雖然利用此種方式來亮化表面,可保鋼管充分乾淨,無任何外來污染。但這種表面的明亮度,若與其他拋光方式相較(機械、化學、電解),會有較霧面的感覺。當然,其效過也與氫氣的含量與加熱的次數有關,更對材料晶粒大小有絕對的影響。

  1. 電解拋光(Electro Polishing):EP管

電解拋光是利用陽極處理(溶解腐蝕)的方式,藉由電化學的原理,適當地調整電壓、電流、酸液組成、溫度以及拋光時間,不但可使表面達到明亮、滑順、潔淨的效果,更可提升表面的抗蝕性,故是最佳的亮化表面方法,當然其成本與技術也最高。不過,因為電解拋光會凸顯鋼管表面的原始狀態,金屬組織越細,EP效果越好。所以若鋼管表面有嚴重刮傷、孔洞或是夾渣、析出物等,皆可能造成電解失敗。其與化學拋光不同之處是,雖然也是在酸性環境中進行,但鋼管表面不但不會有任何晶界腐蝕的現象,尚可經由控制表面的氧化鉻膜層厚度,使鋼管達到最佳的抗蝕性。而與機械拋光最大的差異處,是不會有表面加工變質層及造成表面殘留應力。


半導體氣體供應零組件要求高潔淨性、表面平滑性、抗蝕性、低洩漏率等,目前適用於半導體元
件的表面處理方法有:機械拋光法+化學鈍化法、化學抛光法(chemical polishing, CP)、光輝熱
處理(bright annealing, BA)與電解拋光法(electro-polishing, EP)等。由於電解拋光法具有以下
幾種特性,衍然已成為半導體製程中重要閥件與零組件處理流道表面的主要方法。

 

鈍化層:不銹鋼材料在進行EP處理後的表面,會在表面生成鈍化層,鈍化層生成原因是因為
EP在處理時,鐵鎳移去的速率比鉻快,造成表面富鉻化效應,同時在表面生成氧化鉻層,可有
效提昇表面抗腐蝕能力,此為其他種抛光無法達到的特色。

光澤化:抛光能力優越,較機械抛光更佳,可以達到鏡面級的光澤,商品化的管件可以用EP
達到Ra=0.01µm的層次。

● 高潔淨度:EP製程將工程表面移去一層,因此表面之髒汙層、氧化層、雜質層、碳化層、應
力層等,都會被EP所移去,同時表面平坦化,無藏污納垢的凹陷,因此可使工件表面達到高潔
淨層度。

特殊形狀加工:EP過程中,接觸工件的僅有電解液,工件在處理過程中,不受任何應力,可
處理薄型工件,且可除去因機械加工產生的表面應力層。同時,EP可處理特殊形狀工件,對於特
殊形狀表面可均勻拋光,對於小型工件的外部EP處理,可大批量一次進行,可減少加工時間。

 

由於EP處理具有以上幾項優點,因此在半導體設備的氣體供應元件中被大量使用,也因為僅有EP
可以達到表面超高潔淨度之要求,且對於氣體流道的鈍化效果可提供優越的抗腐蝕能力,能確保
管件不受多種特別強腐蝕性氣體腐蝕,在對於線幅越來越小的半導體製程中,潔淨度的要越來
越高之條件下,未來對EP處理之產品的要求勢必越來越重要。


電解拋光技術在歐美早已成熟30年以上,直到近年來半導體工業的發展,才使得這項技術在國內
有發展之契機。EP技術可分為外表面與內孔表面兩種,數年前國內業者始引進外表面EP技術,然
而內孔表面EP技術因涉及電極夾治具的設計障礙,致使國內業者仍缺乏這方面之技能。本部門從
事半導體設與閥件之研發,深深瞭解EP關鍵技術在各項零組件流到表面處理的重要性,因此致力
於研究與開發內孔表面EP技術,以提昇本部門在關鍵零組件之研發與製造之能力。

 

 電解拋光原理


電解拋光原理乃將工件接於陽極,以某種金屬接於陰極,置於電解液中通以直流電,以電解作用將
工件表面金屬移除,亦即反電鍍作用,如圖2-3所示(詳情請參考附件)。在適當的電解液和操作條
件下,使工件表面發生材料之消蝕,具有清除毛稜之作用,使工件表面光澤化與平坦化。以不銹鋼
而言,所含之元素如鐵、鉻、鎳都同時參與此反電鍍反應,在工件表面發生材料之消蝕,並發生表
面平順化作用,造成拋光效果。在此同時也會生成一些副產物,這些副產物必須小心地予以控制以
得到最高的拋光品質;例如不銹鋼所含之不同金屬成分有所差異,元素的溶解移除速率也就不盡相
同,鐵原子會先被移除掉,因此留下的表面鎳與鉻含量會變高,使得表面出現“富鉻化”的效果,
產生EP工件重要的鈍化層,此乃有助於提昇工件表面的抗蝕能力。

 

電解拋光之所以有抛光效果,主要有以下幾種效應:

(一) 電場集中效應:亦稱之為避雷針效應,此為最主要之拋光效應。將工件表面放大而視之,可
        發現表面凹凸不平,尖突處如同避雷針,可吸附較大電場,造成局部的電流密度增加,因此
        尖端 處的金屬迅速的被侵蝕;而凹陷處之電流密度較低,金屬被侵蝕較少,因此有抛光平坦
        化之效果。

(二) 陽極膜飽和效應(黏度效應):電解抛光過程中,將產生厚約0.1mm的陽極膜(anode film),
        陽極膜呈黏膜狀,具高電阻,金屬帶正電離子不易擴散出與陰極離子結合,因此電流不易通過
        。由於表面凹陷處電解液流動較慢,易形成飽和陽極膜,電流密度因而降低;而尖突處電解液
        流動較快,不易生成飽和陽極膜,電流密度較高,因而具有拋效果。

(三) 氣體擾動效應:電解拋光過程中,陽極會產生氧氣氣泡,而尖突處電流大,所以產生氣泡較多
        , 因此也較易打破陽極膜,形成抛光之效果。


電解拋光發展現況與趨勢


電解拋光技術在歐美早已成熟30年以上,目前主要專注於特殊金屬如鈮鉭等金屬的拋光技術,以及
特殊電解液的添加濟配方等方向發展。另方面,對於自動化設備及節省成本的新製程,如各種大小
管件、彎曲管件、細長無縫鋼管、大小筒槽、大量散裝件之製程及專用機自動化設備等,都是發展
之重點。以日本而言,早已完成30m無縫EP鋼管製程,並已於市場銷售,目前正研發300m無縫
鋼管EP鋼管製程。就整體EP技術而言,美國優於歐日;以無縫EP鋼管技術來說,日本技術最為領
先。早些年在台灣的民間業者已自行引入外表面EP技術,主要應用於欄杆、不銹鋼門窗光澤美化等
。幾年前,中科院為研製飛機零組件,也引進外表面EP技術;工研院化工所、清大機械所及雲林技
術學院機械系也曾就外表面EP技術進行研究。


至少內孔EP技術,主要關鍵在於夾治具的設計,其次才是電解液之配方。夾治具視待EP工件形狀與
數量而定,一般而言,夾治具必須包括電極連接端子與連接線與電源供應器相連接,外部EP夾治具
一般為掛架,懸掛工件置於電解槽內或是吊籃滾筒類以安置小型工件,內孔EP夾治具則為提供電解
液流動通道並電解液流出入內孔。夾治具材料因需抗電解液腐蝕,需通電的通常用鎢或鈦,不通電
則選用PTFE或PP類材質。


以EP製程本身而言,夾治具設計受到工件不同而具有相當大的歧異性,由於國外廠商將夾治具的設計
列為機密,以致國內對此技術完全闕如。再則,夾治具設計需要多方面的分析模擬以及實驗的驗證,
再加以經驗之累積使成,因此在國內少有業者願意投資研發,致使此項技術延宕至今,另一項需要經
驗累積的則是EP參數的調整,此方面技術也需進行長時間的試驗及累積足夠的資料庫後,始可達到良
好的控制。同時,對於EP處理後的品質檢驗程序技術,國內的能力與經驗也略嫌不足,這方面仍有待
投入更多的時間與人力持續從事研發工作。有鑑於此,本部門於開發質流控制器的同時,也深切體會
到EP技術的重要性,因此積極開發此項關鍵技術,以期提升產品品質,並落實本土化技術。

Sources from: Dr. Jason Ho. Camelot Inc. USA

 

 

 

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Apr 09, 2009

Steel users such as Swagelok haven't given up on value-added projects that reduce the
cost and improve the quality of the metal products they buy and use in making valves
and fluid and gas system components. Case in point: The self-developed Swagelok
SAT12 process, a surface hardening procedure that boosts basic stainless steel's surface
hardness and wear and corrosion resistance to mimic the mechanical properties of
titanium, Hastelloyand other specialty alloys.


Solon, Ohio-based Swagelok produces and sells more than $1.3 billion annually in high
quality products used in the instrumentation,petrochemica oil and gas,power,petrochemical
alternative fuels and semiconductor industries.

Within Swagelok, there is a multi-functional Metallurgical Research and Development
team which performs applied research for various product-manufacturing groups. In
recent years, the team was responsible for the development of the SAT12 surface
treatment method that reduces throughput time and improves the mechanical
propertiesof precisionparts made into complex shapes and structures from austenitic
stainless steel.

Previously, the company had bought expensive alloys to attain such key performance
characteristics as wear resistance, surface hardness, fatigue resistance and corrosion
resistance. Now, using the SAT12 process, also known as low-temperature colossal
super saturation (LTCSS) service, the company can use basic austenitic stainless steel
as the substrate for eventual use as the source material for high quality components.
In theprocess, carbon is diffused interstitially into the lattice structure of the stainless
steel. The result is stainless steel exhibiting tool steel-like hardness, nickel alloy-like
corrosion resistance high-levels of wear resistance, austenitic ductility, no distortion or
dimensiona change, no carbideformation and resistance to galling.

Most market applications use 300 Series grades of austenitic stainless steel but
further field research has found that the SAT12 treatment of 316 Series of stainless
steel can replace more expensive, exotic materials.Senior research fellow Sunniva
Collins has been charged with added research and evaluation that will lead to
commercialization of the new technology. Swagelok has worked with Case Western
Reserve University in Cleveland to help analyze the process, which also is a low
temperature case carburization process for tube fittings. This project is being
co-funded with a $5.5 million grantfrom Ohio's Third Frontier Project, a state
funded program to turn hightech research into home-market
manufacturing.

Swagelok developed the process itself to heat-treat austenitic stainless steel rather
than have it done by a stainless steel producer because surface science and metallurgy
are core competencies of Swagelok. A corporate statement says that "the patented
SAT12 treatment process still remains unique in how it achieves significantly increased
 tool steellevel surface hardness and retained corrosion resistance in the austenitic
target materials." Additionally, the SAT12 process was developed to treat the back
ferrule, a narrow circular ring of metal used for fastening, joining or reinforcement
inthe Swagelok tube fitting, a core product for company.

A corporate spokesman says that "the SAT12 process has its sweet spot where its
application makes the greatest economic and technological sense." That's because
complete processing can include cleaning and handling operations in addition to the
low temperature carburizing treatment. So, end-product pricing is dependent on
things like the condition of parts received, batch size, part configuration and mass.
"Customers have found it cost effective because upon treatment, some corrosion
esistance properties of relatively low priced stainless steels have demonstrated the
performance of more expensive,exotic alloys," he explains.

The majority of applications desire improved surface wear or scratch resistance while
maintaining or improving corrosion resistance. So, currently, the SAT12 process is being
used on Swagelok products used by the military and commercial marine, medical device,
biopharmaceutical production and food production equipment.


Sources from: http://www.purchasing.com/article/CA6649917.html?industryid=48389
 

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